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Shoguns of Japan
The title of shogun in Japan meant a military leader equivalent to general,
and at various times in the first millennium shoguns held temporary power, but it
became a symbol of military control over the county. The establishment of
the shogunate (or bakufu) at the end of the twelfth century saw the beginning of samurai
control of Japan for 700 years until the
Meiji Restoration
in the middle of the nineteenth century. |
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Heian Period
During the early Heian
Period the title of shogun was given for the duration of military campaigns against the
north-eastern Emishi people who
resisted the governance of the Kyoto-based Imperial court. The title was abandoned in the
later Heian period after the northern island Ainu had been either subjugated or driven to Hokkaido. |
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Otomo no Otomaro |
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797 - 811? |
Sakanoue no
Tamuramaro |
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813 |
Funya no Watamaro |
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940 |
Fujiwara no
Tadabumi |
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1184 |
Minamoto no
Yoshinaka |
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Minamotos (Kamakura Era)
The Kamakura
shogunate era lasted from the inception of the position in 1192 until 1338. |
1192 - 1199 |
Yoritomo |
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1199 |
After
Yoritomo's death, quarrels for supremacy start between the bakufu of Kamakura and the
Imperial court in Kyoto. |
1201 - 1203 |
Yoriie |
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1203 - 1219 |
Sanetomo |
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1221 |
The quarrels
for supremacy between the shoguns and the
Imperial court
reach an end in the Jokyu War (or Incident) when the imperial army is
defeated in Kyoto, and the
Hojo Regents in
Kamakura achieve complete control over Japan. |
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Fujiwaras |
1226 - 1244 |
Yoritsune |
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1244 - 1252 |
Yoritsugu |
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Imperial Princes |
1252 - 1266 |
Prince Munetake |
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1266 - 1289 |
Prince Koreyasu |
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1274 |
The first
Mongol
invasion is defeated through bad weather conditions, with the outnumbered
Japanese facing superior and much more modern forces. |
1281 |
The second Mongol
invasion is again defeated through bad weather conditions. |
1289 - 1308 |
Prince Hisa-akira |
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1308 - 1333 |
Prince Morkuni |
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1333 |
Prince Moriyoshi |
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1335 - 1336 |
Prince Nariyoshi |
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After Hojos |
1333 - 1334 |
Morinaga |
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1334 - 1338 |
Narinaga |
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Hojo Pretenders |
1331 - 1333 |
Kogon |
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1336 - 1348 |
Komyo |
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1348 - 1351 |
Suko |
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1351 - 1352 |
Interregnum. |
1352 - 1371 |
Go-Kogon |
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1371 - 1382 |
Go-En'yu |
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1382 - 1392 |
Go-Komatsu |
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Ashikaga Pretenders |
1336 - 1348 |
Komyo |
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1349 - 1352 |
Sukô |
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1353 - 1371 |
Go-Kogon |
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1372 - 1381 |
Go-En-yu |
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1383 - 1392 |
Go-Komatsu |
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Ashikaga Shoguns
The Hojo Regents were defeated by the
Imperial court,
but almost immediately the Ashikaga Shoguns seized power under
Ashikaga Takauji who appointed himself shogun and held the stronger north of
Japan. The imperial court was reunited in 1392, and the following
Muromachi
Period was dominated by the Ashikaga shogunate. |
1338 - 1358 |
Takauji |
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1358 - 1367 |
Yoshiakira |
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1367 - 1395 |
Yoshimitsu |
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1395 - 1423 |
Yoshimochi |
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1423 - 1425 |
Yoshikazu |
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1428 - 1441 |
Yoshinori |
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1441 - 1443 |
Yoshikatsu |
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1449 - 1474 |
Yoshimasa |
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1474 - 1489 |
Yoshihisa |
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1490 -1493 |
Yoshitane |
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1493 - 1508 |
Yoshizumi |
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1508 - 1521 |
Yoshitane |
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1521 - 1545 |
Yoshiharu |
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1545 - 1565 |
Yoshiteru |
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1568 |
Yoshihide |
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1568 - 1573 |
Yoshiaki |
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1573 |
The Ashikaga
shogunate is ended when Yoshiaki is driven
out of the capital in Kyoto by Oba Nobunaga. |
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Tokugawa Shoguns
The Tokugawa were officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun,
Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was the main beneficiary of the achievements of Oda Nobunaga
and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. |
1603 - 1605 |
Ieyasu |
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1605 - 1623 |
Hidetada |
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1623 - 1651 |
Iemitsu |
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1651 - 1680 |
Ietsuna |
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1680 - 1709 |
Tsunayoshi |
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1709 - 1712 |
Ienobu |
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1712 - 1716 |
Ietsugu |
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1716 - 1745 |
Yoshimune |
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1745 - 1760 |
Ieshige |
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1760 - 1786 |
Ieharu |
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1786 - 1837 |
Ienari |
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1837 - 1853 |
Ieyoshi |
|
1853 |
US Commodore
Matthew Perry arrives with a fleet of ships on 8 July and forces
Japan to end its period of isolation.
This contributes to the weakening of the shogunate, and internal factions
eventually bring about its termination. |
1853 - 1858 |
Iesada |
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1858 - 1866 |
Iemochi |
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1886 - 1867 |
Keiki / Yoshinobu |
Last shogun. Died 1903. |
1867 |
The shogun
resigns. While being part of a movement which
had aimed to reform the aging shogunate, Yoshinobu is ultimately
unsuccessful. The
Modern Period begins in Japan. |
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