Far East Kingdoms

The Mongols

The Great Khans
AD 1206 - 1388

1206 - 1227

Temujin / Chingiz Khan / Genghis Khan

Born c.1162.

1211 - 1216

The Chin Empire in China is attacked.

1217 - 1218

The Qara-Khitaï are overthrown.

1219 - 1221

Khawarizmia / Khwarazm is overthrown after the shah decapitates Chingiz's ambassador.

1221

The Indus Valley falls to the Mongols.

1223

The kingdom of Georgia is subordinated.

1226 - 1227

The Hsi-Hsia are overthrown.

1226

The White Horde continues under separate rule.

1227

The Chaghatayid / Jjagatai-id Khans in Mughulistan establish their rule.

1227

The Golden & Blue Hordes continue under separate rule as the Great Khans concentrate on China.

1229 - 1241

Ögedei Khan

1230 - 1234

The Chin are overthrown.

1231

Control over the kingdom of Georgia is reaffirmed by a new invasion which also overruns Khwarazm. Korea is also invaded.

1241 - 1246

Toregene Khatun

Regent.

1243

The Seljuq Sultanate of Rum is overcome and is reduced to vassal status by the Mongols.

1246 - 1248

Guyuk Khan

1248 - 1251

Oghul Ghaymish

Regent.

1251 - 1259

Mongke Khan

1256

The Il Khans in Mesopotamia establish their rule.

1260

Damascus is occupied by the Mongols, then seized by the Mameluke Baybars.

1260 - 1294

Kublai Khan / Qubilai Khan

Born 1215. Shih Tsu 1280.

1267 - 1279

The Southern Sung are conquered.

1274

The first Mongol invasion of Japan is defeated through bad weather conditions, with the outnumbered Japanese facing superior and much more modern forces.

1281

The second Mongol invasion of Japan is again defeated through bad weather conditions.

1294 - 1307

Temur Öljeytu Khan

Ch'eng Tsung 1295.

1307 - 1311

Qayshan Guluk / Hai-Shan

Wu Tsung 1308.

1308

The Seljuq Sultanate of Rum collapses and the area is ruled through regional governors by the Mongols.

1311 - 1320

Ayurparibhadra / Ayurbarwada

Jen Tsung 1312.

1320 - 1323

Suddhipala Gege'en / Shidebala

Ying Tsung 1321.

1323 - 1328

Yesun-Temur

Tai-ting Ti 1324.

1328

Arigaba / Aragibag

1328 - 1329

Jijaghatu Toq-Temur

1329

Qoshila Qutuqtu

Wen Tsung? 1330.

1329 - 1332

Jijaghatu Toq-Temur

Ming Tsung 1329.

1332 - 1333

Rinchenpal / Irinchibal

1333 - 1370

Toghan-Temur

Shun Ti 1333.

1336

The Mongol Jalayirid Sultanate establishes itself in the areas of former Rum not conquered by the expanding Ottomans.

1368

The Mongols are expelled from China.

1370 - 1388

Togus-Temur

Line continues in Mongolia until 17th century.

The Chaghatayid / Jagatai-id Khans of Mughulistan
AD 1227 - 1363

1227 - 1244

Chaghatay / Jagatai

1244 - 1246

Qara Hulegu

First rule.

1246 - 1251

Yesu Mongke

1251 - 1252

Qara Hulegu

Second rule.

1252 - 1260

Orqina Khatun

1260 - 1266

Alughu

1266

Mubarak Shah

c.1266 - 1271

Baraq / Ghiyath ad Dîn

1271 - 1272

Negubey

1272 - 1282

Buqa / Toqa Temur

c.1282 - 1306

Du'a

1306 - 1308

Konchek

1308 - 1309

Taliqu

1309

Kebek

First rule.

1309 - 1320

Esen Buqa

c.1320 - 1326

Kebek

Second rule.

1326

Eljigedey

1326

Du'a Temur

1326 - 1334

Tarmashirin Ala ad Din

1334

Buzan

1334 - 1338

Changshi

c.1338 - 1342

Yesun Temur

c.1342 - 1343

Muhammad

1343 - 1346

Qazan

1346 - 1358

Danishmendji

1358

Buyan Quli

1359

Shah Temur

1359 - 1363

Tughluq Temur

1363

The Timurids succeed to Mughulistan, often placing figurehead Mongols on the throne.

The Il Khans
AD 1256 - 1338

In Transoxiana, the Mongols attacked the Khwarazm shahdom in 1220 and 1221, and finally overran it in 1231. The Il Khans inherited Persia when the descendents of Chingiz Khan divided up the Mongol Empire, ruling from Mesopotamia.

1231 - 1256

Tolui

Son of Chingiz Khan. Took control of Khwarazm.

1256 - 1265

Hulegu

Son.

1255 - 1260

The Middle East is invaded and conquered.

1258

Khan Hulegu kills the Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. A puppet Abbasid caliphate is set up in Mameluke Egypt as a replacement.

1265 - 1282

Abaqa

1282 - 1284

Ahmad Teguder

1284 - 1291

Arghun

1291 - 1295

Gaykhatu

1295

Baydu

1295 - 1304

Mahmud Ghazan

1304 - 1316

Muhammad Khudabanda Öljeytu

1316 - 1335

Abu Said Ala ad Dunya wa dDin

1335 - 1336

Arpa Keun

1336 - 1337

Musa

1337 - 1338

Muhammad

1338 - 1353

A period follows in which several rival Mongol successor states, such as the Jalayirids, jostle for control. Persia undergoes a period of anarchy and civil war until it is conquered by Tamerlane's Mongol Timurid Dynasty in 1387. The Il Khans linger on in Iraq for less than a century.

The Khans of the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate)

The Khans of the Blue Horde

Juchi

Son of Chingiz Khan. Ruled Central Asia in his name.

1227 - 1256

Batu

Son.

1236 - 1239

Russia is conquered.

1239 - 1242

Europe is invaded.

1256 - 1257

Sartaq

1257

Ulaghchi

1257 - 1267

Berke

1267 - 1280

Mongke Temur

1280 - 1287

Tode Mongke

1287 - 1291

Tole Buqa

1291 - 1313

Toqta

1313 - 1341

Muhammad Özbeg

1341 - 1342

Toni Beg

1342 - 1357

Jani Beg

1357 - 1359

Berdi Beg

1357 - 1380

Period of anarchy.

1378

The Blue and Golden Horde is united with the White Horde to form a greater Golden Horde.

The Khans of the White Horde

1226 - 1280

Orda

1280 - 1302

Kochu

1302 - 1309

Buyan

1309 - 1315

Sasibuqa (?)

c.1315 - 1320

Ilbasan

1320 - 1344

Mubarak Khwaja

1344 - 1374

Chimtay

1374 - 1376

Urus

1376 - 1377

Toqtaqiya

1377

Temur Malik

1378

The White Horde unites with the Blue Horde to form a greater Golden Horde.

The Khans of the Golden Horde

1377 - 1378

Toqtamish

1378

The White Horde & Blue Horde unite to form a greater Golden Horde.

1378 - 1395

Toqtamish

1395 - 1419

Edigu

Vizier

1395 - 1401

Temur Qutlugh

1401 - 1407

Shadî Beg

1407 - 1410

Pulad Khan

1410 - 1412

Temur

1412

Jalal ad Din

1412 - 1414

Karim Berdi

1414 - 1417

Kebek

1417 - 1419

Yeremferden ?

1419 - 1422

Ulugh Muhammad

Rival.

1419 - 1422

Dawlat Berdi

Rival.

1422 - 1433

Baraq

c.1433 - 1435

Sayyid Ahmad I

c.1435 - 1465

Kuchuk Muhammad

c.1465 - 1481

Ahmad

1480

Ivan III refuses tribute to the khans. The independence of Russia is confirmed.

1481 - 1498

Shaykh Ahmad

1481 - 1499

Murtada

1499 - 1502

Shaykh Ahmad

1502

The Golden Horde is defeated and annexed by the khans of the Crimea.

The Khans of Astrakhan

1466 - 1490

Qasim

1490 - 1504

Abd al Karim

1504 - 1532

Qasay

1532 - 1534

Aq Kobek

1534 - 1538

Abd al Rahman

1541 - 1544

Aq Kobek

1538 - 1541

Shaykh Haydar

1544 - 1554

Yaghmurchi

1554

The khans of Astrakhan are conquered by the Russians under Ivan IV.

1554 - 1557

Darwîsh Alî

Russian vassal.

The Khans of Kazan

1437 - 1445

Ulugh Muhammad

1445 - 1462

Mahmud

1462 - 1467

Khalil

1467 - 1479

Ibrahim

1479 - 1484

Alî

First rule.

1484 - 1485

Muhammad Amin

First rule.

1485 - 1487

Alî

Second rule.

1487 - 1495

Muhammad Amin

Second rule.

1495 - 1496

Mamuq

Siberian Khan.

1496 - 1502

Abd al Latif

1502 - 1518

Muhammad Amin

Third rule.

1519 - 1521

Shah Alî

First rule. Khan of Qasimov

1521 - 1524

Shah Alî

Second rule.

1524 - 1531

Safa Giray

First rule

1531 - 1533

Jan Alî

1533 - 1546

Safa Giray

Second rule.

1546

Sahib Giray

1546

Safa Giray

Third rule.

1549 - 1551

Ötemish

1551 - 1552

Shah Alî

Third rule.

1552

Yadigar Muhammad

1552

The khans of Kazan are conquered by the Russians under Ivan IV.

The Khans of Crimea

1449 - 1456

Hajji Giray I

First rule.

1456

Haydar Giray

1456 - 1466

Hajji Giray I

Second rule.

1466 - 1467

Nur Dawlat Giray

First rule.

1467 - 1474

Mengli Giray

First rule.

1474 - 1475

Nur Dawlat Giray

Second rule.

1475

The khanate becomes a vassal of the Ottoman Turks, and remains so until its end.

1475 - 1476

Mengli Giray

Second rule.

1476 - 1478

Nur Dawlat Giray

Third rule.

1478 - 1514

Mengli Giray

Third rule.

1514 - 1523

Muhammad Giray I

1523 - 1524

Ghazî Giray I

1524 - 1532

Sa'adat Giray I

1532

Islam Giray I

1532 - 1551

Sahib Giray I

1551 - 1577

Dawlat Giray I

1577 - 1584

Muhammad Giray II

1584 - 1588

Islam Giray II

1588 - 1596

Ghazi Giray II

First rule.

1596

Fath. Giray I

1596 - 1608

Ghazi Giray II

Second rule.

1608

Toqtamish Giray

1608 - 1610

Salamat Giray I

1610

Muhammad Giray III

First rule.

1610 - 1623

Jani Beg Giray

First rule.

1623 - 1624

Muhammad Giray III

Second rule.

1624

Jani Beg Giray

Second rule.

1624 - 1627

Muhammad Giray III

Third rule.

1627 - 1635

Jani Beg Giray

Third rule.

1635 - 1637

Inayat Giray

1637 - 1641

Bahadur Giray I

1641 - 1644

Muhammad Giray IV

First rule.

1644 - 1654

Islam Giray III

1654 - 1666

Muhammad Giray IV

Second rule.

1666 - 1671

Âdil Giray

1671 - 1678

Salim Giray I

First rule.

1678 - 1683

Murad Giray

1683 - 1684

Hajji Giray II

1684 - 1691

Salim Giray I

Second rule.

1691

Sa'adat Giray II

1691 - 1692

Safa Giray

1692 - 1699

Salim Giray I

Third rule.

1699 - 1702

Dawlat Giray II

First rule.

1702 - 1704

Salim Giray I

Fourth rule.

1704 - 1707

Ghazi Giray III

1707 - 1708

Qaplan Giray I

First rule.

1708 - 1713

Dawlat Giray II

Second rule.

1713 - 1716

Qaplan Giray I

Second rule.

1716 - 1717

Dawlat Giray III

1717 - 1724

Sa'adat Giray III

1724 - 1730

Mengli Giray II

First rule.

1730 - 1736

Qaplan Giray I

Third rule.

1736 - 1737

Fath. Giray II

1737 - 1740

Mengli Giray II

Second rule.

1740 - 1743

Salamat Giray II

1743 - 1748

Salim Giray II

1748 - 1756

Arslan Giray

First rule.

1756 - 1758

Halim Giray

1758 - 1764

Qirim Giray

First rule.

1764 - 1767

Salim Giray III

First rule.

1767

Arslan Giray

Second rule.

1767 - 1768

Maqsud Giray

First rule.

1768 - 1769

Qirim Giray

Second rule.

1769

Dawlat Giray IV

First rule.

1769 - 1770

Qaplan Giray II

1770 - 1771

Salim Giray III

Second rule.

1771 - 1772

Maqsud Giray

Second rule.

1772 - 1775

Sahib Giray II

1775 - 1777

Dawlat Giray IV

Second rule.

1777 - 1782

Shahin Giray

First rule.

1782 - 1783

Bahadur II Giray

1783 - 1787

Shahin Giray

Second rule. Russian vassal

1783

The khanate is annexes by the Russians under Catherine II the Great.